Authority
Authority footing
53
Mixed FootingKazakhstan keeps a foot in every camp and is so far paying nothing for it. Buying Russian gas at a discount while courting Korean and American minerals money
PF Score
41
Authority
44
Reach
38
Overall
41▼1Kazakhstan keeps a foot in every camp and is so far paying nothing for it. Buying Russian gas at a discount while courting Korean and American minerals money is the same
Authority
Astana jailed its critics and added a vice presidency, tightening an already centralised state.
Reach
Minerals and transit make Astana a partner several rival blocs want at once.
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Authority
53
Mixed FootingReach
$291B
Global ScaleVulnerability
-119%
Net exporterPlus content
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